Sexuality in Elderly Persons

     Sexuality is as important to Elder persons as it is to younger persons as it is one of the primary physical needs of a human being irrespective of age. The act of sex can bring both physical and emotional satisfaction to the partners. Age can bring some limitations in the capacity of the Elderly to indulge in the act of intercourse nevertheless it is not only sexual intercourse but also holding hands, kissing and petting can be an enjoyable experience.

     Cultural and religious norms, and social beliefs influence sexuality. Unfortunately in Indian society sex is considered as a taboo at all ages! There is a misconception that it is dirty for the Elderly to indulge in sexual acts and that they should be religious minded. Setting limits to a natural feeling like sex through social and cultural norms will only dampen the wellbeing of the Elderly persons.

     Physical health problems including cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, cancer, arthritis, osteoporosis, neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, anemia and functional limitations can reduce sexual desire and activity. In men, chronic prostatitis and diabetes, especially if not well controlled, may be dampen the sexuality of the person. In women, chronic cystitis and stress or urge incontinence are frequent problems in sexual activity. Any surgery which greatly affects physical appearance can cause doubt about self-image and attractiveness to the partner.

     The emotional state of the older person affects sexual performance. Grief over death of loved ones, role adjustment, post menopause and or following retirement, fear, stress and worry, lack of privacy when living with children or when living in a nursing home or other institutional setting all interfere with feelings of sexuality.

     Drugs have side effects, which either reduce sexual desire or cause impotency. Sedatives certain pain medications, antispasmodics, tranquilizers, antidepressants and certain medications used to control high blood pressure can impair male erection. Their effects on women are less well understood. Most drugs can be adjusted by the physician to reduce its effect on sexuality.

Ravi Samuel M.A., M.Phil., PGCARM(Lond.)
Cognitive Behaviour Consultant
Formerly Hon. Cog. Beh. Therapist, National Hospital, London
Secretary - Vision Age India.